Holocene initiation and expansion of the southern margins of northern peatlands triggered by the East Asian summer monsoon recession     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2023,14(2):101526

Northern peatlands represent one of the largest biospheric carbon reservoirs in the world. Their southern margins act as new carbon reservoirs, which can greatly influence the global carbon dynamics. However, the Holocene initiation, expansion and climate sensitivity of these peatlands remain intensely debated. Here we used a compilation of basal peat ages across six isolated peatlands at the southern margins of northern peatlands to address these issues. We found that the earliest initiation event of these peatlands occurred after the Younger Dryas (YD, 12,800–11,700 years ago) period. The second initiation event and rapid expansion occurred since 5 ka cal. BP. The recession of East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) during the YD period and at around 5 ka cal. BP likely played a major role in controlling the initiation and expansion of these peatlands. The rapid expansion of these peatlands possibly contributed to the significant increases in atmospheric methane concentrations during the late Holocene because of the minerotrophic fens status and rapid expansion of them. These ecological processes are different from northern peatlands, indicating the special carbon sink and source implications of these peatlands in the global carbon cycle.  相似文献   

长株潭地区建设用地扩张遥感时空特征分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

易凤佳  李仁东  常变蓉  邱娟 《国土资源遥感》2015,(2):160-166

利用遥感、GIS一体化技术,获取长沙、株洲、湘潭3市(长株潭地区)2000年、2005年和2010年3期陆地卫星图像,提取建设用地扩张及其空间分布信息。运用扩张速度指数和强度指数分别对2000—2010年间10 a变化以及2005年为界的前后两个5 a区域建设用地时序特征进行分析;利用优势度指数分析了区域建设用地扩张的空间趋向性。结果表明:长株潭地区建设用地在不同时期都处于增长的趋势,其中前5 a建设用地扩张速度和强度都要明显高于后5 a。2000—2010年间建设用地面积增加约3.94万hm2,前后2个时期的扩张面积分别占增加总量的57.30%和42.70%。对长株潭地区建设用地扩张进行时空特征分析,认为建设用地扩张引起区域内耕地和林地在数量和空间格局上的变化,城区周围9~12 km范围内耕地极易转入建设用地;2个时期河流附近耕地流入建设用地随距离变化而呈现不同特征;前5 a城区周围林地转入建设用地强度大,距离交通用地3 km附近的林地易转入建设用地。  相似文献   

基于珞珈一号与DMSP/OLS数据的辽宁省城市空间扩张分析     

孟静  魏悦  褚光辉 《测绘与空间地理信息》2021,44(4):151-154

基于珞珈一号和DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据,提取辽宁省城市空间用地信息并监测分析了2003—2018年城市空间扩张特征。结果表明:1)利用辽宁省DMSP/OLS长时间序列夜间灯光数据提出了一种适合校正长时间序列DMSP/OLS数据的校正方法,提高了数据的连续性和可对比性;2)弥补了统计数据在空间属性的不足,消除了过去单纯依靠统计数据分析城市空间扩张的弊端,为其他省市分析城市扩张提供新的遥感监测分析方法;3)在2003—2018年间,辽宁省城市空间扩张存在城市空间扩张与南方省份相比发展比较缓慢及协调性欠佳等问题。  相似文献   

Bragg reflection of water waves by multiple floating horizontal flexible membranes with submerged rectangular bars on the seabed     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

Bragg reflection of water waves by multiple floating horizontal flexible membranes is investigated based on the linear wave theory and the assumption of small membrane response. Under the floating horizontal membranes, periodical submerged rectangular bars are arranged on the flat seabed. The total reflection and transmission coefficients are obtained by using the eigenfunction expansion method and the wide spacing approximation. The calculated coefficients are validated with the results available in the literature, which shows that the present method is applicable. The characteristics of Bragg reflection are systematically investigated by changing various parameters including the height of the rectangular bars, the number, the tension, the spacing, and the length of the flexible membranes. The results can help designing multiple floating horizontal flexible membranes as effective floating breakwaters by taking advantage of Bragg reflection.  相似文献   

成渝城市群城市建设用地扩张格局及规模体系分析     

张亚萍  张平  孙丹峰  刘顺喜  伦飞 《测绘通报》2020,(7):103-107

基于1990—2018年六期城市建设用地监测数据，本文利用城市用地年面积增长率指数、公共边测度、核密度估计、位序-规模法则等方法，刻画成渝城市群扩张演化特征及其发展规律，并对城市群规模体系进行分析。结果表明：成渝城市群城市建设用地扩张呈先快后慢的趋势，空间上呈“中部高速，南北低速”的特点，建设用地扩张密度高值主要集中在成都、重庆二市且城市群内部连片发展不明显。城市群新增城市用地呈现无序蔓延态势，并未趋于紧凑。2000—2010年，成渝城市群规模分布极化，呈现明显的双核首位特征，2010年后规模分布由非均衡趋于均衡。  相似文献   

A cavity expansion–based solution for interpretation of CPTu data in soils under partially drained conditions     

Pin-Qiang Mo  Xin-Wei Gao  Wenbo Yang  Hai-Sui Yu 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2020,44(7):1053-1076

A cavity expansion–based solution is proposed in this paper for the interpretation of CPTu data under a partially drained condition. Variations of the normalized cone tip resistance, cone factor, and undrained-drained resistance ratio are examined with different initial specific volume and overconsolidation ratio, based on the exact solutions of both undrained and drained cavity expansion in CASM, which is a unified state parameter model for clay and sand. A drainage index is proposed to represent the partially drained condition, and the critical state after expansion and stress paths of cavity expansion are therefore predicted by estimating a virtual plastic region and assuming a drainage-index–based mapping technique. The stress paths and distributions of stresses and specific volume are investigated for different values of drainage index, which are also related to the penetration velocity with comparisons of experimental data and numerical results. The subsequent consolidation after penetration is thus predicted with the assumption of constant deviatoric stress during dissipation of the excess pore pressure. Both spherical and cylindrical consolidations are compared for dissipation around the cone tip and the probe shaft, respectively. The effects of overconsolidation ratio on the stress paths and the distributions of excess pore pressure and specific volume are then thoroughly investigated. The proposed solution and the findings would contribute to the interpretation of CPTu tests under a random drained condition, as well as the analysis of pile installation and the subsequent consolidation.  相似文献   

岩石膨胀性试验注意事项探讨     

刘军  谷莉  郭程  卓慧英 《岩土工程技术》2020,(2):117-121

从室内试验的角度来探讨几类工程勘察中岩石常用膨胀性试验(自由膨胀率、膨胀力、侧向约束膨胀率、耐崩解)的注意事项,从野外取样、标准样品制取、试验操作、方法选择等方面进行了论述,力求减小试验误差,提高膨胀岩的试验水平,保证试验结果的准确性,并使膨胀岩膨胀性指标的测定方法更臻完善。  相似文献   

The effect of expansion ratio on the critical Reynolds number in single fracture flow with sudden expansion          下载免费PDF全文

Jiazhong Qian  Lei Ma  Hongbin Zhan  Qiankun Luo  Xiao Wang  Mu Wang 《水文研究》2016,30(11):1718-1726

Flow in a single fracture (SF) is an important research subject in groundwater hydrology, hydraulic engineering, radioactive nuclear waste repository and geotechnical engineering. An abruptly changing aperture is a unique type of SF. This study discusses the relation between the values of the critical Reynolds number (Re_c) for the onset of symmetry breaking of flow and the expansion ratio (E) of SF, which is defined as the ratio between the outlet (D) and inlet (d) apertures. This study also investigates the effect of inlet aperture d on Re_c for flow in an SF with abruptly changing apertures (SF‐ACA) using the finite volume method. Earlier numerical and experimental results showed that flow is symmetric in respect to the central plane of the SF‐ACA at small Reynolds number (Re) but becomes asymmetric when Re is sufficiently large. Our simulations show that the value of Re_c decreases with the increasing E, and the relationship between the logarithm of Re_c and E can be described accurately using either a quadratic polynomial function or a logarithmic function. However, the relationship of Re_c and d for a given E value is vague, and Re_c becomes even less sensitive to d when E increases. This study also reveals that the hydraulic gradient (J) and flow velocity (v) follow a super‐linear relationship that can be fitted almost perfectly by the Forchheimer equation. The inertial component (J_i) of J increases monotonically with Re, whereas the viscous component (J_v) of J decreases monotonically with Re. The Re value corresponding to equal inertial and viscous components of J (named as the transitional point Re) decreases when E increases, and such a transitional point Re should be closely related to the critical Reynolds number Re_c, although a rigorous theoretical proof is not yet available. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

近20年京津唐地区不透水面变化的遥感监测     

向超  朱翔  胡德勇  乔琨  陈姗姗 《地球信息科学学报》2018,20(5):684-693

不透水面是衡量城市化程度的重要指标之一,对京津唐城市群的不透水面进行深入研究,可以量化城市群扩张过程及其影响,对该区域多城市协调发展及规划布局具有重要意义。本文结合高分辨遥感影像、生长季及落叶季的Landsat TM遥感影像和夜间灯光数据等,采用分类和回归树（Classification and rRegression Tree, CART）算法,构建了适于京津唐地区不透水面盖度提取的技术方案,获取了京津唐地区1995-2016年共5期地表不透水面盖度专题信息,并分析了地表不透水面的时空演变规律,结论为：① 适于京津唐地区不透水面盖度提取的CART算法的最佳输入变量组合为：生长季和落叶季的Landsat TM图像以及对应的夜间灯光数据;其次为生长季Landsat TM遥感图像和夜间灯光数据组合方案。利用该组合方案,ISP估算输出结果的交叉验证精度R值可以达到约0.85,可以满足地表不透水面纵向对比分析的需要。② 从地表不透水面总面积数量值来看,1995-2016年京津唐主体城市区域整体上呈增长趋势,其中2011-2016年地表不透水面积增加愈加明显;③ 从地表不透水面盖度值的高低来看,1995-2016年京津唐中、高盖度不透水面的占比都是在不断增长的,低盖度不透水面占比存在少量下降现象,且京、津、唐3城市的主体城区各阶段变化差异较大,反映出了各城市扩张具有各自不同的时空演变特征。  相似文献   

宁夏及邻区地震活动能量场时空变化特征     

罗国富  屠泓为  许晓庆  马禾青  杨明芝 《高原地震》2011,23(3):13-18

运用随机函数理论,将宁夏及邻区地震活动能量场看作时间和空间的随机函数,用自然正交函数展开方法,系统研究宁夏及邻区主要典型能量场的时间权重系数变化曲线以及典型能量场的空间等值线图。结果发现,目标曲线较大幅度的升、降变化预示了可能发生中强地震的时间段,而等值线图的高值变化（危险区）对应了可能发生中强地震的区域。  相似文献